The theory of Marx plays a very important role in the history of the development of philosophy. It generalizing the history of materialism, critically inheriting the German classical philosophy, and scientifically clarifying and developing the basic viewpoint of Marx materialism. Its revolutionary criticism spirit and scientific reflection characteristics can provide important inspiration and reference for the development of contemporary Marx doctrine in China.

       The book "the end of Ludwig Feuerbach and German classical philosophy" is an important book that systematically expounds the basic principles of Marx's philosophy. As Lenin said, this book, like the Manifesto of the Communist Party, is a required book for every awakened worker.

       It reveals the process and characteristics of Marx's philosophy.

       It was first published in 1886, and then revised in 1888 to be published in a single book. It was soon regarded as a classic of Marx's philosophy. It is the inheriting and critical development of the philosophy of German classical philosophy, especially Hagel and Feuerbach, that Marx's dialectical materialism and historical materialism have been produced, and Marx's philosophy is produced. In 1880s, the practice of class struggle and political ideological struggle of the working class surged constantly. Although there were many correct contents on the understanding and understanding of Marx's philosophy, the influence of Hagel's philosophy and Feuerbach's philosophy at that time gave the working class a lot of confusion. In order to clarify the thought of the German Social Democratic Party at that time, Engels realized, "the relationship between us and Hagel has been explained in some places, but no place is completely systematic. As for Feuerbach, though he is in many respects the intermediate link between Hagel's philosophy and our view, we have never reviewed him. " Therefore, he thinks it is necessary to clarify the relationship between Marx's philosophy and the German classical philosophy, and it needs to clearly explain the process and characteristics of Marx's philosophy.

       In Feuerbach's theory, Engels explicitly mentioned their inheritance and development of German classical philosophy, and also strictly liquidated the influence of the German classical philosophy, especially Hagel and Feuerbach. He acknowledged that both he and Marx had followed Hagel, and he had followed Feuerbach to criticize Hagel, but they did not truly become a pure Feuerbach pie. But with the deep understanding of society and revolution, Feuerbach was constantly overcoming. Finally, in the spring of 1845, Feuerbach completely broke out and founded his own theory: historical materialism. In this process, Engels clarified the emergence of Marx's philosophy and the important features of Marx's philosophy: critically inheriting and developing scientifically. This should be the classic inspiration of Chinese academic circles and the basic attitude of contemporary China to philosophy, social science and even Marx doctrine.

       Ability to criticize only to find truth

       Marx's philosophy came into being in critically inherited German classical philosophy, constantly criticizing and clarifying. In Engels's theory, "the opposition to the ideology of German philosophy is actually a liquidation of our former philosophical beliefs," which is actually "realized in the form of criticizing Hagel's philosophy." The way to look for ideas from criticism is the typical characteristic of Marx and Engels's creatively putting forward Marx's philosophy. On the one hand, Engels acknowledged that Hagel was "Zeus on the mountains of Olympus", but also pointed out that Hagel was "not completely free of German philistine habits". On the other hand, he has made clear the correct attitude towards Hagel, that is, "can not be eliminated by simply ignoring it". "It is necessary to" discard "it from its original meaning, that is to say, to critically eliminate its form, but to save the new content obtained through this form. This is the decomposition and analysis of Hagel's philosophy and the critical inheritance of the true value of Hagel's philosophy, which embodies the revolutionary spirit of Marx and Engels and the scientific character of the pursuit of truth.

       Feuerbach and Engels still adhere to this critical spirit. Engels not only reveals Feuerbach's criticism of Hagel, but also expounds their criticism of Feuerbach. Engels pointed out that "Feuerbach broke Hagel's system", "the development process of Feuerbach was a process of materialism of Hagel, which made him completely break up with the idealist system of his predecessor at a certain stage." After that, he criticizes Feuerbach directly, pointing out that "in the field of society", especially in the field of "religious philosophy and ethics", Feuerbach "himself does not go forward" is still idealism, "because" people "as the starting point of Feuerbach's philosophy" always appeared in religious philosophy. " The kind of abstract man. And Engels, when he contacted Hagel with Feuerbach, made it clear that "he was a materialist in the second half and the first half was idealist." he "did not criticize Hagel, but simply put Hagel as a useless thing." It is in criticism that Engels clarified the rationality and limitations of Hagel's philosophy and Feuerbach's philosophy, and clarified the basic views of Marx's philosophy. After all,     "Feuerbach has not taken a step, there must be someone to go", "this work beyond Feuerbach and further development of Feuerbach's view was started by Marx in the Holy Family in 1845."

       Rethinking can develop continuously

       Marx's philosophy was developed and perfected in the constant reflection of Marx and Engels. "Before this manuscript was sent to the press, I looked for the old manuscript from 1845 to 1846," Engels wrote in the 1888 single preface of the "Fei BA's theory". It's not enough. This fully embodies Engels's scientific attitude and introspection character, which is the fundamental reason for the great vitality of Marx's philosophy. Marx's philosophy is based on Hagel's philosophy, and Feuerbach's "influence is bigger than any other philosopher after Hagel", so Engels "feels more and more necessary" to explain this relationship. The theory of Feuerbach became the classic book of Engels's reflection on the relationship between Hagel philosophy, Feuerbach philosophy and   Marx's philosophy, and also became an important work of systematic exposition and scientific development in the reflection of Marx philosophy.

       In Engels's scientific development and constant reflection, the basic viewpoints of Marx's philosophy have been systematically expounded and developed. Engels summed up the thought of "the relationship between thinking and existence" by Hagel and Feuerbach and systematically expounded the basic problems of philosophy. He pointed out that "all philosophy, especially the important basic problems of modern philosophy, is the relationship between thinking and existence." "Philosophers are divided into two camps according to how they answer this question. The spirit of judgement is natural to the nature, so that in the final analysis, a person who has created the world is recognized as an idealist camp. Those who believe that nature is primitive is a school of materialism. At the same time, whether thinking and existence have the same problem also divides different philosophers into two schools, namely knowledge and agnosticism. The establishment of basic philosophical problems makes Engels more profound in the analysis of previous philosophy. He reveals the "rational core" of Hagel's dialectics, and expounds the basic thought of materialist dialectics. It further points out the true value of Hagel's dialectics. "In the final analysis, Hagel's system is just a materialist materialism that has been reversed idealism in terms of methods and content". Feuerbach "straightly puts materialism into the throne," but, "Feuerbach is here to confuse materialism as a particular world outlook on the specific understanding of material and spiritual relations in a specific historical stage, that is, in the eighteenth Century." Therefore, Engels scientifically summed up the "basic core" of Feuerbach materialism, systematically expressed the materialist view of history, and scientifically revealed the basic viewpoints of the historical materialism of social history, the theory of the people's power, the theory of historical force, the theory of class struggle, the theory of structural process and so on.

       Finally, Engels pointed out that "in the history of labor development, a new faction to understand the key of all social history, at the beginning, is mainly for the working class." He clarified the realistic direction of the "new factions" of Marx's Philosophy - "facing the working class", which revealed its distinctive features and real values: Revolutionary criticism and practical development. The contemporary value and the classical enlightenment of the theory of "the theory of fair" also lie in this, which is a scientific attitude to inherit the old theory of old thought, and is an important principle and thought for the complete expression of new ideas and ideas. It should be an important inspiration and reference for the development of contemporary Chinese Marx doctrine.

       Source of the article: learning times