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Speed up modernization in solving governance problems
Release time:2020-04-23

       Building a modern socialist country and realizing the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation are the great goals of the Communist Party of China. It is of great and profound significance for us to persist in and improve the socialist system with Chinese characteristics, promote the modernization of the national governance system and governance capacity, and make decisions on the theme of the Fourth Plenary Session of the 19th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, so as to win the final victory in building a moderately prosperous society in an all-round way and building a socialist modern country in an all-round way.

       Since the founding of new China more than 70 years ago, our party has led the people to create the world's rare miracle of rapid economic development and long-term social stability, and the Chinese nation has ushered in a great leap from standing up, becoming rich to becoming strong. From the perspective of governance dimension, China's modernization is quite different from that of western developed countries. The reason why it can be successfully promoted lies in that China has properly dealt with several major governance problems in the process of promoting modernization and has gradually explored a set of institutional solutions. This not only follows the general law of modernization, but also conforms to the particularity of national conditions and reality, and shows the governance logic with dialectical characteristics.

       Properly handle the problem of "efficiency and fairness"

       To deal with the relationship between efficiency and fairness correctly is a difficult governance problem that must be seriously solved in any country's modernization drive. The modernization of any country inevitably requires the continuous improvement of production efficiency and social operation efficiency, and the process of efficiency improvement is essentially the process of optimizing the allocation of various production factors such as capital, technology, labor, etc. It should be noted that the improvement of efficiency may have a greater impact on social equity. If it can not be solved in time and effectively, in the case that the situation of some interest damaged groups can not be improved for a long time, or even tend to deteriorate, it will bring structural imbalance and functional disorder to the whole society, and ultimately make the goal of efficiency improvement difficult to achieve. However, if we only pay attention to the so-called fairness and ignore the role of efficiency in promoting economic and social development, we may fall into another one-sided equalitarianism trap. If the relationship between efficiency and fairness is not handled properly, it will make a country's modernization fall into one kind of mire or another and be difficult to extricate itself, which shows as a kind of development stagnation.

       Generally speaking, the traditional socialist countries pay more attention to social equity, but it is also easy to appear the phenomenon of "equalitarianism", which dampens people's enthusiasm and inhibits the innovation and creativity of the society. At the same time, under the capitalist economic system, generally speaking, the efficiency problem will be more concerned, but there will also be serious polarization and other problems, which will eventually damage the healthy and orderly operation of society. Therefore, it is of great significance to correctly understand and deal with the problems of efficiency and fairness for the modernization construction. The improvement of social equity will inevitably bring healthy and balanced social development, and will provide a profound and lasting foundation for the improvement of efficiency. At the same time, the improvement of efficiency will also create favorable conditions for solving polarization and open up a broad road for maintaining social equity.

       To deal with the relationship between efficiency and fairness, China has also experienced a process of deepening understanding, and finally explored a set of institutional solutions. The report of the 13th National Congress of the Communist Party of China puts forward that "social equity should be reflected on the premise of promoting efficiency"; the report of the 15th National Congress of the Communist Party of China emphasizes that "efficiency should be given priority to while fairness should be taken into consideration"; the report of the 16th National Congress of the Communist Party of China puts forward that "efficiency should be paid attention to in the initial distribution and fairness should be paid attention to in the redistribution"; the report of the 17th National Congress of the Communist Party of China puts forward that "the relationship between efficiency and fairness should be handled in the initial distribution Pay more attention to fairness "; the report of the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China put forward that" both primary distribution and redistribution should take into account efficiency and fairness, and redistribution should pay more attention to fairness ". An important reason for such changes is that, at the beginning of reform and opening up, the enthusiasm of enterprises as the main body of the market could not be fully exerted, which led to the lack of power for modernization. Therefore, it is necessary to create an active market economy operation state in practice, so as to provide strong vitality and power for promoting the modernization construction. However, with the development of reform and opening up, we find that some problems in income distribution under the condition of market economy will also bring bad consequences to the modernization drive. These are insurmountable in the market economy itself, which can only be solved by the role of the government. Therefore, with the in-depth development of the socialist market economy, China has gradually found out a set of institutional mechanisms that not only pay attention to the decisive role of the market, but also better play the role of the government, thus successfully solving the problem of the relationship between efficiency and fairness. The Fourth Plenary Session of the 19th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China summed up the significant advantages of China's national system and national governance system in many aspects, including "adhering to the public ownership as the main body, the common development of multiple ownership economy, the distribution according to work as the main body, and the coexistence of multiple distribution modes, organically combining the socialist system and the market economy, and constantly liberating and developing the social productivity", as well as "strengthening the socialist system" To a certain extent, it reflects a deep understanding of the issues of fairness and efficiency.

       Properly handle the problem of "development and stability"

       The relationship between development and stability is internally consistent: development is the basis of stability, and stability is the premise of development. However, for some countries, especially those that promote modernization rapidly, economic development is often accompanied by political and social unrest, which in turn restricts the healthy and stable development of economy. The incompatibility between development and stability is mainly due to the strong impact of systematic changes caused by modernization on the original social structure, interest relations and ideological culture, while the state lacks sufficient institutional and organizational strength to mitigate and solve these impacts. This is reflected in the fact that many developing countries frequently encounter social unrest and the modernization process is interrupted or interrupted. General secretary Xi Jinping pointed out that "we must win the battle against major risks, and we must uphold and improve the socialist system with Chinese characteristics, promote the modernization of China's governance system and governance capacity, and use the power of the system to deal with the challenges of risks and challenges". In fact, this reveals the key to maintain the long-term stability of our society.

       One of the important reasons why some developing countries have stumbled on the road of modernization is that they have not made all kinds of preparations necessary for modernization at the institutional level, resulting in many serious social problems. In China, the completion of the socialist transformation and the establishment of the socialist system have provided the fundamental political premise and institutional basis for modernization, removed all kinds of fetters on the road of modernization, and made preparations in all aspects. After the reform and opening up, the Communist Party of China has learned from its own and other countries' experiences and lessons in promoting modernization, endowed socialism with more rich and profound Road, theory, system and cultural connotation, and created and developed socialism with Chinese characteristics. As a result, the obstacles of traditional socialism to economic and social development can be eliminated, the disadvantages of capitalist modernization can be effectively avoided, the common mistakes of developing countries in promoting modernization are difficult to appear, and the advantages of socialism, such as focusing on major issues, can be brought into full play.

       In order to properly deal with the relationship between development and stability in the process of modernization, our party has formed a set of unique and advantageous institutional mechanisms in the administration of state affairs. In terms of governance philosophy, we should maintain stability in development and ensure better development with stability; in terms of economic construction, we should emphasize that market and government functions complement each other, promote each other and complement each other; both "invisible hand" and "visible hand" should be used well; in terms of political construction, we should draw on the development achievements of human political civilization and pay attention to maintaining "bottom line thinking" And "strategic orientation"; in terms of cultural construction, we should not only keep an open attitude towards the cultures of all countries in the world, but also focus on carrying forward the excellent traditional Chinese culture, revolutionary culture and advanced socialist culture, so as to promote the ideological and spiritual unity of all the people; in terms of social construction, we should not only focus on ensuring and improving people's livelihood, developing social undertakings, but also stimulating social creativity, At the same time, it also pays attention to improving the level of social governance, and so on. This set of effective governance programs in line with China's national conditions is conducive to China's development, as well as to balancing and coordinating various interests.

       Properly handle the problem of "openness and autonomy"

       The relationship between openness and autonomy is a delicate and complex problem in the modernization drive. It is a common problem in the process of modernization that it is difficult to develop in a closed way and to be independent in an open way. The course of modernization in the world after World War II shows that if a country wants to develop, it must open to the outside world. But opening up may also contain the risk of losing development autonomy. This kind of risk can be manifested not only in the loss of the right of independent formulation of financial, monetary and fiscal policies, but also in the loss of the right of independent control of pillar industries and undertakings related to the national economy and people's livelihood, and even in the loss of the right of autonomy of domestic and foreign policies. Facts have proved that once the autonomy of economic and social development is lost, the modernization of a country will inevitably go to deformity, and it is easy to become a vassal of a big country and fall into a serious development dilemma.

       The Communist Party of China believes that building behind closed doors is doomed to fail, so it must adhere to opening up. At the beginning of the socialist modernization drive with Chinese characteristics, the Communist Party of China has unswervingly implemented the opening-up policy and insisted on promoting reform through opening-up. In the early stage of reform and opening up, the main performance of opening up is to introduce external capital, technology, talents, management experience, etc., so as to greatly and rapidly improve the domestic production efficiency and management level. After China's accession to the world trade organization, the opening up is mainly reflected in its deep integration into the international economic pattern and its release of China's advantages. Since 2012, one belt, one road, has been opening up in an all directional, multi-level and wide range way. In particular, it has initiated the opening up of the strategy from a strategic perspective, and put forward the "one belt and one road" initiative and the construction of the community of human destiny. From the course of China's opening to the outside world, we can see that opening to the outside world plays an important role in China's modernization. At the same time, we should also see that opening up brings advanced elements, but also some pressure, such as the pressure brought by the infiltration of culture and ideology in developed countries. If the pressure is not handled properly, there may even be a risk of "deterioration" and "discoloration". This is a huge challenge for any country, including China, and it must be properly addressed.

       The Fourth Plenary Session of the 19th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China pointed out that China's national system and national governance system have a significant advantage of "adhering to the unity of independence and opening up, actively participating in global governance, and constantly contributing to the construction of a community with a shared future for mankind". In fact, China's opening up to the outside world is obviously different from other countries in that China firmly holds the autonomy of economic and social development in the process of opening up to the outside world and has not lost such autonomy due to opening up. From the very beginning, the Communist Party of China realized the danger of losing the independence of economic and social development, and raised this issue to the height of national security, so as to firmly grasp the independence of development while opening up to the outside world. The main reason for this is that the Communist Party of China, as the highest political leadership, can avoid the chaos of the western political parties, form a strong social integration force, always control the overall situation of opening up, and always adhere to the bottom line of independent development; the basic political system, basic economic system and other important systems The established system, which effectively guarantees the security of national sovereignty, plays an important role in the development of contemporary China.

       In a word, why can't some countries solve these governance problems even though they can realize them in the process of modernization? To see why China's modernization is successful with this question, what we should see most is the national system and its performance. China's modernization drive firmly adheres to the leadership of the Communist Party of China, the most essential feature of socialism with Chinese characteristics, the greatest advantage of the socialist system with Chinese characteristics, and the party's centralized and unified leadership, which provides a fundamental guarantee for coping with a series of major risks and challenges, overcoming difficulties and obstacles, and ensuring that the country always advances in the direction of socialism The key to improving and developing the socialist system with Chinese characteristics is to adhere to the principle that the people are the masters of the country, to develop people's democracy, to keep close contact with the people, to rely on the people to promote national development, to provide a strong guarantee for the liberation and development of social productivity, the liberation and enhancement of social vitality, and the maintenance of the vitality of the party and the country, to maintain the overall stability of the society, and to ensure that the people live and work in peace and contentment The security of the handicapped country provides a strong guarantee.

       Source: Economic Daily


Part One:People's Forum: gather the strong power of "love and guard" Part two:Actively explore a new way of institutional opening
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